4 TENSES - Bahasa Inggris

TENSES

I.                   Meaning of  Tenses.

Tenses is forms of verbs in English to show the time (present, future, or past) the occurrence of an act or event.

II.                Various of  Tenses

1.               Present Simple Tense

2.               Present Continuous Tense

3.               Present Perfect Tense

4.               Present Perfect Continuous Tense

5.               Past Simple Tense

6.               Past Continuous Tense

7.               Past Perfect Tense

8.               Past Perfect Continuous Tense

9.               Future Simple Tense

10.           Future Continuous Tense

11.           Future Perfect Tense

12.           Future Perfect Continuous Tense

13.           Past Future Simple Tense

14.           Past Future Continuous Tense

15.           Past Future Perfect Tense

16.           Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

I.                   Simple Present Tense use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

II.                Time information to Simple Present Tense is used :

1.      the action is general,

2.      the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future,

3.      the action is not only happening now,

4.      the statement is always true.

III.             FORMULA GENERAL

VERB

Positive           (+)    =  S + V1 s/es + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + do / does + not + V1 + O

Interrogative          (?)    =  do / does + S + V1 + O ?

5 W 1 H          (?)    =  5W1H + do / does + S + V1 + O          

Examples :

1.         (+)    They study english every Monday.

               (-)     They do not study english every Monday.

                     (?)    Do they study english every Monday ? Yes, they do.

                     (?)    When do they study english ? Every Monday.

            2.      (+)    They come late.

                     (-)     They do not come late.

                     (?)    Do they come late ? Yes, They do.

                     (?)    Who do come late ? They do.

            3.      (+)    My father goes to post office.

                     (-)     My father does not go to post office.

                     (?)    Does your father go to post office ? Yes, he does.

                     (?)    Who does go to post office ? My Father.

            4.      (+)    I buy a book of poem.

                     (-)     I do not buy a book of poem.

                     (?)    Do you buy a book of poem ? Yes, I do.

                     (?)    What do you buy ? A book of poem.

5.      (+)    He always jogging every morning.

         (-)     He does not always jogging every morning.

         (?)    Does he always jogging every morning ? Yes, he does.

         (?)    When does he always jogging ? Every Morning.

            6.      (+)    Toni play badminton.

                     (-)     Toni does not play badminton.

                     (?)    Does Toni play badminton ? Yes, he does.

                     (?)    Who does play badminton ? Toni.

            7.      (+)    I read scientific papers.

(-)     I do not read scientific papers.

(?)    Do you read scientific papers ? Yes, I do.

(?)    What do you read ? The scientific papers.

8.      (+)    They go sightseeing.

(-)     They do not go sightseeing.

(?)    Do they go sightseeing ? Yes, they do.

(?)    What do they go ? Sightseeing.

9.      (+)    He give me red roses.

(-)     He does not give me red roses.

(?)    Does he give me red roses ? Yes, he does.

(?)    What he give ? Some red roses.

10.    (+)    I borrow books at the library.

(-)     I do not borrow books at the library.

(?)    Do you borrow books at the library ? Yes, I do.

(?)    What do you buy ? Some books at the library.

NONVERB

Positive           (+)    =  S + tobe (are / am / is) + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + tobe (are / am / is) + not + O

Interrogative (?)     =  tobe (are / am / is) + S + O

5 W1 H           (?)    =  5W1H + tobe (are / am  / is) + S + O 

Examples :

1.            (+)    I am beautiful.

     (-)     I am not beautiful.

     (?)    Are you beautiful ? Yes, I am.

     (?)    Who are beautiful ? I am / me.

2.      (+)    They are students.

         (-)     They are not students.

         (?)    Are they students ? Yes, they are.

         (?)    Who are students ? They.

3.      (+)    She is beautiful.

         (-)     She is not beautiful.

         (?)    Is she beautiful ? Yes, she is.

         (?)    Who is beautiful ? She.

4.      (+)    He is diligent student.

         (-)     He is not diligent student.

         (?)    Is she diligent student ? Yes, She is.

         (?)    Who is diligent student ? She.

5.      (+)    My father is at home.

         (-)     My father is not at home.

         (?)    Is your father at home? Yes, he is.

         (?)    Who at home ? My father.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

I.                   Simple Past Tense use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about activities or situation.

II.                Time information to Simple Past Tense :

1.      Last year,

2.      Yesterday,

3.      A momen ago,

4.      Some minutes ago,

5.      Two day,

6.      Last month,

7.      Last week,

8.      Last day,

9.      Some hour ago, etc

III.             FORMULA GENERAL

VERB

Positive           (+)    = S + V2 + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + did + not + V1 + O

Interrogative          (?)    =  Did + S + V1 + O ?

5 W 1 H          (?)    =  5W1H + did + S + V1 + O ?      

Examples :

1.               (+) You spoke English.

         (-)     You did not speak English.

   (?)    Did you speak English ? Yes, I did.

   (?)    Who did speak English ?  I did / me.

2.      (+)    I played tennis.

         (-)     I did not play tennis.

         (?)    Did you play tennis ? Yes, I did.

         (?)    What did you play ? Tennis.

3.      (+)    The party started at 8 o'clock.

   (-)     The party did not start at 8 o'clock.

   (?)    Did party start at 8 o'clock ? Yes, it did.

   (?)    When did the party start ? At 8 o’clock.

4.      (+)    I lived in Germany.

         (-)     I did not live in Germany.

         (?)    Did you live in Germany ?  Yes, I did.

         (?)    Who did live in Germany ? I am / me.

5.      (+)    I drunk coffee last morning.

         (-)     I did not drink coffee last morning.

         (?)    Did you drink coffee last morning ? Yes, I did.

         (?)    What did you drink last morning ? Drink coffee.

 

6.      (?)    I worked on my website.

         (-)     I did not work on my website.

         (?)    Did you work on my website ? Yes, I did.

         (?)    Who did work on my website ? I am / me.

7.               (+)             I went to the gym last afternoon.

   (-)     I did not go to the gym last afternoon.

   (?)    Did you go to the gym last afternoon? Yes, I did.

   (?)    When did go to the gym ? Last Afternoon.

8.      (+)     He liked rice.

   (-)     He did not like rice.

   (?)    Did he like rice ?  Yes, he did.     

   (?)    What did he like ? He like rice.

9.       (+)   You looked nice.

   (-)     You did not look nice.

   (?)    Did you look nice ? Yes, I did.

   (?)    What did you look ? Nice.

             

10.    (+)    They thought twice.

   (-)     They did not think twice.

   (?)    Did they think twice ? Yes, they did.

   (?)    Who did think twice? They.

NON VERB

Positive           (+)    =  S + tobe (was / were) + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + tobe (was / were) + not + O

Interrogative          (?)    =  tobe (was / were) + S + O ?

5 W 1 H          (?)    =  5W1H + tobe (was / were) + S + O ?

Examples :

1.      (+)    She was happy yesterday.

         (-)     She was not happy yesterday.

         (?)    Was she happy yesterday ? Yes, she was.

         (?)    Who was happy yesterday? She.

2.      (+)    We were teachers for 20 years.

         (-)     We were not teachers for 20 years.

         (?)    Were we teachers for 20 years ? Yes, we were.

         (?)    Who were teachers for 20 years ? We.

3.      (+)    There was a lot of rain yesterday.

         (-)     There was not a lot of rain yesterday.

         (?)    Was there a lot of rain yesterday ? Yes, there was.

         (?)    When was there a lot of rain ? Yesterday.

4.      (+)    We were happy to see your family.

         (-)     We were not happy to see your family.

         (?)    Were we happy to see your family ? Yes, we were.

         (?)    Who were happy to see you family ?  We.

5.      (+)    I was really busy yesterday.

         (-)     I was not really busy yesterday.

         (?)    Was you really busy yesterday ? Yes, I was.

         (?)    When was you really busy ? Yesterday.

6.      (+)    He was a teacher.

         (-)     He was not teacher.

         (?)    Was he teacher ? Yes, he was.

         (?)    Who was a teacher ? He.

7.      (+)    He were late.

         (-)     He were not late.

         (?)    Were he  late ? Yes, he were.

         (?)    Who were late ? He.

8       (+)    We were human.

         (-)     We were not human.

         (?)    Were we human? Yes, we were.

         (?)    What were we? Human.

9.      (+)    She was here yesterday.

         (-)     She was not here yesterday.

         (?)    Was she here yesterday ? Yes, she was.

         (?)    Who was here yesterday ? She.

10.       (+)    They were smart.

         (-)     They were not smart.

         (?)    Were we smart ? Yes, we were.

         (?)    Who were smart ? They.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

I.                   Present Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to discuss the ongoing action now (present) or plan to in the future (future). Because it can be used in the present or the future, this tense is often accompanied by an adverb of time to clarify.

II.                Time information to Present Continuous Tense is used :

1.      Now,

2.      At the present,

3.      Right now,

4.      At the morning,

5.      This afternoon,

6.      This morning,

7.      Today,

8.      Nowdays,

9.      For the time being,

10.  And so on.

III.             FORMULA GENERAL

VERB

Positive           (+)    =  S + tobe (are / am / is) + Ving + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + tobe (are / am / is) + not + Ving + O

Interrogative          (?)    =  tobe (are / am / is) + S + Ving + O ?

5 W 1 H          (?)    =  5W1H + tobe (are / am / is) + S + Ving + O ?           

Examples :

            1.      (+)    I am singing right now.

(-)     I am not singing right now.

(?)    Are you singing right now ? Yes, I am.

(?)    Who are singing right now ? I am / me.

            2.      (+)    I am writing a short story.

(-)     I am not writing a short story.

(?)    Are you writing a short story ? Yes, I am.

(?)    What are you writing ? a short story.

            3.      (+)    You are sleeping today.

(-)     You are not sleeping today.

(?)    Are you sleeping today ? Yes, I am.

(?)    When are you sleeping ? Today.

            4.      (+)    We are throwing them snow balls.

(-)     We are not throwing them snow balls.

(?)    Are we throwing them snow balls ? Yes, we are.

(?)    Who are throwing them snow balls ? We.

            5.      (+)    She is wearing a purple jacket.

(-)     She is not wearing a purple jacket.

(?)   Is she wearing a purple jacket ?  Yes, she is.

(?)    What is she wearing ? a purple jacket

            6.      (+)    My sister is teaching me about life.

(-)     My sister is not teaching me about life.

(?)    Is my sister teaching me about life ? Yes, she is.

(?)    Who is teaching me about life ? My Sister.

            7.      (+)    She is riding a becak this time.

(-)     She is not riding a becak this time.

(?)    Is she riding a becak this time ? Yes, she is.

(?)    When is she riding a becak ? This time.

            8.      (+)    Tina is giving her motorcycle to me.

(-)     Tina is not giving her motorcycle to me.

(?)    Is tina giving her motorcycle to me ? Yes, She is.

(?)    Who is giving her motorcycle to me ? Tina.

            9.      (+)    Dono is bringing a knife.

(-)     Dono is not bringing a knife.

(?)    Is dono bringing a knife ? Yes, he is.

(?)    What is Dono bringing ? a Knife.

            10.    (+)    Reindeers are flying to the sky so high.

(-)     Reindeers are not flying to the sky so high.

(?)    Are reindeers flying to sky high? Yes, they are.

(?)    What are reindeers flying ? To the sky so high.

NON VERB

Positive           (+)   =  S + tobe (are / am / is) + being + O

Negative         (-)    =  S + tobe (are / am /  is) + not +  being + O

Interrogative (?)   =  tobe (are / am / is) + S +  being + O ?

5 W 1 H         (?)   =  5W1H + tobe (are / am / is) + S +  being + O ?

     

      Examples :

1.         (+)    We are being clever student.

(-)     We are not being clever student.

(?)    Are we being clever student ? Yes, we are.

(?)    Who are being clever student ? We.

2.         (+)    She is being beautiful this morning.

(-)     She is not being beautiful this morning.

(?)    Is she being beautiful this morning ? Yes, she is.

(?)    When she is beautiful ? This morning.

3.         (+)    The man is being kind.

(-)     The man is not being kind.

(?)    Is he being kind ? Yes, he is.

(?)    What is he being ? Kind.

4.         (+)    We are being happy now.

(-)     We are not being happy now.

(?)    Are we being happy now ? Yes, we are.

(?)    When are we being happy ? Now.

5.         (+)    She is being lazy girl so on.

(-)     She is not being lazy girl so on.

(?)    Is she being lazy girl so on ? Yes, she is.

(?)    When is she being lazy ? So on.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

I.                   Present Perfect Tense is a verb form used to express an antion or situation that has started in the past and has been completed at a given point in time in the past or still continues today.

Present Perfect Tense is used to declare that a betake work completed at the time the sentence is made or past events that have to do with now.

II.                Time information to Present Perfect Tanse is used :

1.      Since yesterday,

2.      since two days ago,

3.      since last week,

4.      for three days,

5.      for three weeks,

6.      and so on.

III.             FORMULA GENERAL

VERB

 

Positive           (+)    =  S + have / has + V3 + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + have / has + not + V3 + O

Interrogative          (?)    =  Have / has + S + V3 + O + ?

5 W 1 H          (?)    =  5W1H + have / has + S + V3 + O + ?  

Examples :

1.            (+)    I have gained five pounds since I started my diet.

         (-)     I have not gained five pounds since I started my diet.

         (?)    Have you gained five pounds since I started my diet ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    Who have gained five pounds since I started my diet ? I have / me.

        

2.            (+)    She has spoken French well.

         (-)     She has not spoken French well.

         (?)    Has she spoken French well ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has spoken French well ? She.

3.            (+)    She has had some new houses.

         (-)     She has not had some new houses.

         (?)    Has she had some new houses ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has had some new houses ? She.

4.            (+)    He has cut him hair.

         (-)     He has not cut him hair.

         (?)    Has he cut him hair ? Yes, he has.

         (?)    What has he cut ? Him hair.

5.            (+)    You have laid the pen on the table.

         (-)     You have not laid the pen on the table.

         (?)    Have you laid the pen on the table ? Yes, I Have.

         (?)    What have you laid on the table ? The pen.

6.            (+)    They have grown the plant.

         (-)     They have not grown the plant.

         (?)    Have they grown the plant ? Yes, they have.

         (?)    Who have grown the plant ? They.

7.            (+)    I have finished my homework.
(-)     I have not finished my homework.
(?)    Have you finished my homework ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    What have you finished ? My homework.

8.            (+)    She has eaten lunch.
(-)     She has not eaten lunch.
(?)    Has she eaten lunch ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has eaten lunch ? She.

9.            (+)    You have seen that movie.
(-)     You have not seen that movie
(?)    Have you seen that movie ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    What have you seen ? That movie.

10.        (+)    I have watched that movie 3 times.
(-)     I have not watched that movie 3 times.
(?)    Have you watched that movie 3 times ? yes, I have.

         (?)    How many times have you watched that movie ? 3 times.

11.        (+)    I have finished my homework yet.
(-)     I have not finished my homework yet.
(?)    Have you finished your homework yet ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    What have finished homework yet ? My homework yet.

12.        (+)    She has just spoken to them.
(-)     She has not just spoken to them.
(?)    Has she just spoken to them ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has just spoken to them ? She.

13.        (+)    She has met your mother.
(-)     She has not met your mother.
(?)    Has she met your mother ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has she met ? She.

14.        (+)    I have learned to drive
(-)     I have not learned to drive

         (?)    Have you learned to drive ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    Who have learned to drive ? I have / Me.        

15.        (+)    We have studied English for three years.

         (-)     We have not studied English for three years.

         (?)    Have we studied English for three years ? Yes, we have.

         (?)    How many years we have studied English ? For three years.

16.        (+)    You have read the book yet.
(-)     You have not read the book yet.
(?)    Have you read the book yet ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    Who have read the book yet ? I have / me.

17.        (+)    The rain has stopped.
(-)     The rain has not stopped.
(?)    Has the rain stopped ? Yes, it has.

         (?)    What has stopped ? The rain.

18.        (+)    They have arrived.
(-)     They have not arrived.
(?)    Have they arrived ? Yes, they have.
(?)    Who have arrived ? They.

19.        (+)    We have eaten or lunch already.
(-)     We have not eaten or lunch already.
(?)    Have we eaten or lunch already ? Yes, we have.
(?)    Who have eaten or lunch already ? We.

20.        (+)    I have seen the movie.

(-)     I have not seen the movie.
(?)    Have you seen the movie ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    What have you seen ? The movie.

NON VERB

Positive           (+)    =  S + have / has + been + O

Negative         (-)     =  S + have / has + not + been + O

Interrogative          (?)    =  Have / has + S + been + O + ?

5 W 1 H          (?)    =  5W1H + have / has + S + been + O + ?

Examples :

1.            (+)    We have been clever.

         (-)     We have not been clever.

         (?)    Have we been clever ? Yes, we have.

         (?)    Who have been clever ? We.

2.            (+)    She has been sick for two days.
(-)              She has not been sick for two days.
(?)    Has she been sick for two days ? Yes, she has.
(?)    Why has she been for two days ? She has sick.

3.            (+)    They have been busy for one day.
(-)              They have not been busy for one day.
(?)    Have they been busy for one day ? Yes, they have.

         (?)    Who have been busy for one day ? They.

4.            (+)    You have been here for two hours
(-)     You have not been here for two hours.
(?)    Have you been here for two hours ? Yes, I have.
(?)    When have you been here ? for two hours.

5.            (+)    I have been to Ancol before.
(-)     I have not been to Ancol before.
(?)    Have you been to Ancol before ? Yes, I have.
(?)    Who have been to Ancol before ? I have / me.

6.            (+)    He has been sick for 2 days.

         (-)     He has not been sick for 2 days.

         (?)    Has he been sick for 2 days ? Yes, he has.

         (?)    Who has been sick for 2 days ? He.

7.            (+)    She has been in the Universal studio since yesterday.

         (-)     She has not been in the Universal studio since yesterday.

         (?)    Has she been in the Universal studio since yesterday ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    What has she been ? in the Universal studio since yesterday.

8.            (+)    I have been here since three minutes ago.

         (-)     I have not been here since three minutes ago.

         (?)    Have you been here since three minutes ago ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    When you been here ? Since three minutes ago.

9.            (+)    She has been there for five hours.

         (-)     She has not been there for five hours.

         (?)    Has she been there for five hours ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has been there for five hours ? She.

10.        (+)    I have been bussy for two weeks.

         (-)     I have not been bussy for two weeks.

         (?)    Have you been bussy for two weeks ? Yes, I have.

         (?)    Who have been bussy for two weeks ? I have / me.

11.        (+)    She has been in Jakarta since 1996.    

         (-)     She has not been in Jakarta since 1996.

         (?)    Has she been in Jakarta since 1996 ? Yes, she has.

         (?)    Who has been in Jakarta since 1996 ? She.

12.        (+)    We have been a student of 3 VHS Bandung since 2011.

         (-)     We have not been a student of 3 VHS Bandung since 2011.

         (?)    Have we been a student of 3 VHS Bandung since 2011 ? Yes, we have.

         (?)    When we been a student of 3 VHS Bandung ? Since 2011.

13.        (+)    Mr. Andi has been here since yesterday.

         (-)     Mr. Andi has not been here since yesterday.

         (?)    Has he been here since yesterday ? Yes, he has.

         (?)    Who has been here ? Mr. Andi.

14.        (+)    We have been clever.

         (-)     We have not been clever.

         (?)    Have we been clever ? Yes, we have.

         (?)    How have we been ? Clever.

15.        (+)    We have been honest students.

         (-)     We have not been honest students.

         (?)    Have we  been honest students ? Yes, we have.          

         (?)    How have we been students ? Honest students.